As organizations transition from CMMI-DEV Maturity Level 3 to high maturity, the ability to apply the causal analysis and resolution process relies on a good understanding of the available data, as well as the relevant processes impacted. Using lessons learned from multiple examples, this presentation will show how the components of the process can be used to address different types of problems or opportunities for improvement, from the contexts of quality assurance, software development, and others. By fitting the tools and analysis to the problem/opportunity at hand, the process becomes a systematic way to use data to improve and evaluate improvement.